Women in combat and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder and Essay

Women in combat and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression - Essay Example Women hold important positions in the armed forces including military police, intelligence, as pilots, as physicians, as physiotherapist, for transportation, as mechanics, civil affairs etc. It is really pitiful that their efforts are undermined and are always treated as less victimized when compared with their male counterparts. They perform small but imperative jobs and their contribution cannot be diluted. Even though women are expelled from allocating in straight combat specialties encompassing infantry or armor, but they do endow with varied support as travelling outside military base, working with the combat soldiers, exposure to fire or victimized under any casualty (Hoge, 2007). Research findings reveal that there exist a gender difference if veterans are screened for depression, PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder), pain, obesity etc (Haskell, 2010). Screening of veterans have been performed and it was instituted the prevalence of MST and depression amongst the female veter ans. Results disclose that almost 14% of the female veterans were positive for MST while half of the females (48%) were found to be the sufferers of severe depression, indicating that females are at double risk of depression irrespective of cultural or racial milieu or financial standing.

Piper Alpha Disaster Essay Example for Free

Piper Alpha Disaster Essay Followed by steps and improvement which is done after the incident to prevent such disaster to happen again. The case study is concluded with the safety precautions should be installed and practised in the platform. IntroductionThis is a case study about the Piper Alpha disaster, on the management operations and structures, the objective of the management, the industrial process of the platform, the causes of the accident together with the consequences of the accident and case study on the improvement and the prevention of such disaster again. Piper alpha was a  sea  oil production platform  operated by  Occidental Petroleum (Caledonia) Ltd. [1]  The platform began production in 1976,[2]first as an oil platform and then later converted to gas production. An explosion and resulting fire destroyed it on 6 July 1988, this catastrophic event killed in total of 167 men, [3] with only 61 survivors. The death toll includes two crewmen of a rescue vessel who tried to save the victims of the fire. [4] Total insured loss was about ? 1. 7 billion (US$3. 4 billion). The moment of the disaster the platform was accounted for nearly ten percent of  oil  and gas production, and was the worst offshore oil disaster in terms of lives lost and industry impact. [5] Some evidence says the new gas pipeline was built in the weeks before the 6 July explosion, and while this work disrupted the normal routine, the platform was operating as normal. The discovery of a small gas leak is usual and not a concern at the platform at that time due to carelessness the platform was completely destroyed and caused life of 167 en on the platform, and many of those involved died, analysis of events began. [6] 2. 1 Management and OperationsAn  oil and gas platform is a large structure with facilities to drill wells, to extract and process  oil  and  natural gas, and to temporarily store product until it can be brought to shore for refining and marketing. Mostly the platform has facilities to house the workforce crew as well. Depending on the circumstances, the p latform may be  fixed  to the ocean floor, may consist of an  artificial island, or may  float. 2. 1. Management and Structures Piper Alpha receives and sends to the shore the oil and gas production of a group of platforms, Tartan and Claymore. These how the incident took place[1]  : -As the Piper Alpha platform was at the hub of a network of platforms interconnected by oil and gas pipelines. The leak of the gas lead to the initial explosion and ruptured oil lines on Piper Alpha. Managers on other platforms was aware of a problem on Piper Alpha but not its severity, assumed that they would be instructed to shut down their operations, if necessary. However, the explosion interrupted communications from Piper Alpha for minimum of (30 to 60 minutes intervals) passed before these other platforms were closed. As series of explosions occurred as the fires on the platform weakened natural gas riser pipelines on Piper Alpha the intensity of the fires prevented rescue efforts, either by helicopter or by ship which led to 165 workers and 2 rescue personnel killed. The RV job was completed by the end of the shift. The permit to work (PTW) system was often not implemented as according to, for example: Omissions of signatures and gas test results were common. Operations representatives regularly did not inspect the jobsite before suspending the permit at the end of the shift, or closing the permit indicating the work had been completed. The lead safety operator task is to monitor the PTW system process regularly there was no problem indicated, the mishap and the lack of information and work ethics. The management assumed the system working at full efficiency and didn’t check it independently. These led to miscommunication and lack of knowledge and information when the fire began. 4. 1. 2Design Factor -The diesel powered water pumps were set to manual mode, therefore incase of fire the personnel has to reach the pump to start it though the 1983 fire audit report has recommended this practice is discontinued. The sprinkler head were known to be plugged and corroded. -The structural steel on the platform was not alloyed to be fireproof or withstand high intensity of fire. 4. 1. 3Roots Factor The root of the cause was that most of the personnel who had the authority to order evacuation were killed when first explosion destroyed the control room. This was due to the platform design defect, including the absence of blast walls. Another contributing factor was the nearby connected platforms Tartan and Claymore continued to pump gas and oil to  Piper Alpha  until its pipeline ruptured in the heat in the second explosion. Their operations crews did not shut off the production due to lack of training and communication with the management, even though they could see that  Piper Alpha  was on fire. [7]   4. 1. 3. The wrong management decision. The lack of information and adequacy of checking the PTW system process led to wrong decisions and lack of communication during the leak.

Organizational Behaviour In The Team Work Role

Organizational Behaviour In The Team Work Role Organizational behaviour in a team work plays a vital role and it is the topic has been discussed for a very long time and now nearly everyone knows about its concepts. Simply the organizations wont perform but the one person it should people. When it comes to people there should be a team and perform individuals cant perform whatever they want in an organization they have to form a team and perform individually as well as teams. So when forming a team, organizational behaviour influences toward its success. Organizational Behaviours is the key aspect to maintain and enhance interaction levels amongst people in the organizations. Other attributes like leadership, motivation, decision making, openness to discuss problems, challenge-initiative is all tied in to this base concept of Organizational behaviour to help the business achieve its strategic and in some business objectives. The proper definition of organizational behaviour with its understanding and management has resulted in development of few key offshoots to the concept of Organizational behaviours In my view a personality behaviour means how can we describe a person, how this person differences from the others behaviour, how we can measure the characteristics and differences. Psychometrics is also the most important related to the assessment and measurement of the personality, aptitude, intelligence. It is like the unique character of the individual and measure and understands the differences between the individuals. I think the term itself indicates the properties of behaviour which are both enduring and set the individual apart from others. These properties concern the individuals typical ways of coping with life. I am going to explain a few words about the group because it will explain the importance of individual in the group. The group may spend a lot of time on the each stage, but some groups never reaching the final stages because the personality and levels of dominance of each member may play a large part in the failure or success of the group and its ability to progress through the different stages, the time goes by changes occur, such as new members joining the group or old members leaving the group may re-enter the cycle and begin the development of the process all over again. In this assignment i am going to use the Leadership theory and Motivation Maslows theory. These theories are best suitable for my opinions or views that are raised in my experience and i like those theories a lot so the two theories are chosen. Let me start with those theories Leadership theory A simple definition of leadership is that leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal. Leadership is one of the most hotly debated topics in management studies, social psychology and organisational psychology (Pfeiffer 1993). Despite the depth and breadth of debate concerning leadership effectiveness, it remains an elusive construct. As a result, researchers and practitioners have not reached a consensus on a true and concise definition that represents an accurate depiction of effective leadership in all situations and possibilities. The leadership is one of the effective concepts and well defined as: Treat people with politeness, respect and dignity and in doing so create a strong role model for others to follow. Building a reputation of fairness gives you a buffer against the times when the policy is wrong or you behave badly Gratton (2000:206): According to Nathan F. Iannone, leadership can be defined as the art of influencing, directing, guiding, and controlling others in such a way as to obtain their willing obedience, confidence, respect and loyal cooperation in accomplishment of an objective. Leadership is about the future and about how do I tap into the group orientation (into what everybody shares). According to Jago (1982) the quality and the qualified, good leaders are not born instead they are made with the influenza ion of the training and the self-assessment, developing skills by improvising others. The natural people ability is also evaluated as a measure of walk their talk. The fascination of the leadership is much higher in terms of the charismatic leader. The leadership based on this charismatic model is really being focused towards the vision and also the ability and the talents are naturally born and also termed as gift. The natural leader adapts the tapping of their inner resources and also natural leaders are more often generalist (Stonefield, 1992:3). The leadership theory based on this contingency model states that there is no particular model of leadership which suits as appropriate in all times of situation. The variables are the basic elements and the preliminary components which determine the success rather than the leadership style which we intend to follow or insist. The leadership has a quality in order to follow the vital roles and also in order to perform the action depending and assessing the situation through various means (Cherry, 2010). The trait approach to personality is one of the major theoretical areas in the study of personality. The trait theory suggests that individual personalities are composed broad dispositions. Consider how you would describe the personality of a close friend. Chances are that you would list a number of traits, such as outgoing, kind and even-tempered. A trait can be thought of as a relatively stable characteristic that causes individuals to behave in certain ways. Unlike many other theories of personality, such as psychoanalytic or humanistic theories, the trait approach to personality is focused on differences between individuals. The combination and interaction of various traits forms a personality that is unique to each individual. Trait theory is focused on identifying and measuring these individual personality characteristics. According to Offer Mann, Hanges and Day (2001) much of the discourse on the internal characteristics of leadership over recent years has focused on values and ethics. They argue that disillusionment and a lack of confidence in political leadership have been generated by the particular values that political leaders use to motivate their actions. As a result, Offermann, Hanges and Day (2001) claim that the world is more aware of the importance that values play in leadership effectiveness and success. In addition, it has been shown that particular types of leaders attract different followers depending on their value types (Ehrhart Klein 2001). McShane (2001) argues that in order to motivate, influence, be liked and respected, a leaders values need to align themselves with those of their employees and to reflect integrity, honesty, compassion and assertiveness. The contingency leadership is one of the effective leadership techniques and also has an ability to act as a vital tool in establishing the focus on variables in an environment in order to determine the situations which really opt for our behaviour in any kind of situation. The leadership theory based on this contingency model states that there is no particular model of leadership which suits as appropriate in all times of situation. The variables are the basic elements and the preliminary components which determine the success rather than the leadership style which we intend to follow or insist. The leadership has a quality in order to follow the vital roles and also in order to perform the action depending and assessing the situation through various means (Cherry, 2010). My definition of Leadership is being able to: inspire others, motivate, set a vision, communicate, respect others, and lead by example. A leader must have an honest understanding of who they are, what they know, and what they are capable of. To be successful person you have to convince your followers, not yourself or your superiors. In my opinion this can build confidence in your followers in their faith in you to be able to lead. Followers Different person require different styles of leadership. For example, a company requires more supervision than an experienced employee. A person who lacks motivation requires a different approach than anyone with a high degree of motivation. You must know your people! The fundamental starting point is having a good understanding of human nature, such as needs, emotions, and motivation. You must come to know your employees be, know, and do attributes. Communication Communication is the exchange and flow of information and ideas from one person to another person; it involves a sender transmitting an idea, information, or feeling to a receive. What and how you communicate either builds or harms the relationship between you and your employees. Situation Situations are different from all time. Leader is an individual who can use different leadership styles based on the situations .decide the best course of action and the leadership style needed for each situation. For example, you may need to confront an employee for inappropriate behaviour, but if the confrontation is too late or too early, too harsh or too weak, then the results may prove ineffective. Also note that the situation normally has a greater effect on a leaders action than his or her traits. This is because while traits may have an impressive stability over a period of time, they have little consistency across situations (Mischel, 1968). This is why a number of leadership scholars think the Process Theory of Leadership is a more accurate than the Trait Theory of Leadership. Every organisation is subdivided into two different categories such as formal and informal. The organisation when seen as external spectator it appears to be formal with its will defined mission statement, policies and procedure and organisation structure charts, but this is just the tip of the great iceberg floating underneath in the form of informal organisation which a manger has to face. This informal organisation includes informal leaders which have no formal authority given by organisation but they have their influence on many employees, to maintain good relation with such informal leaders as sometimes they can help in getting things done. Internally organisation is subdivided into many groups based on their nature of job, their ethnicity, their culture, their language having their own norms and sentiments managers need to identify such groups and make consistent effort to maintain peace in groups by serving the role of mediator, for smooth running of organisation. Organisation consist of another route of power which can be said as counter organisation, that can be seen in the form of labour unions which are formed to keep check on organisation and make sure that profit hungry organisation dont exploit them. Such counter organisations are needed to be handled with great care. It can be said informal organisations are formed by the people of organisation to satisfaction of their cultural needs and a sense of personal identity and personal belonging. It also provides means to highlight deficiencies in the formal organisation such as excess time taken to complete a task. MASLOW THOERY OF MOTIVATION Motivation is a fundamental driving force behind people behaviour and performance. When the research was done to explain different aspects of motivation from an organisational behavioural perspective many theories or models used to describe the topic of motivation basically it is described as the extent to which persistent effort is directed towards a goal. It is very important to know about different types of motivation theories and their implementation in a group or organisation. These motivation theories specify the kinds of needs people has and condition in which they would want to exemplify these needs. Motivation can be internal or external. Example of external motivation is Deadlines . The fear of losing a contract or of not finishing a job on time you started is an example of internal motivation. Both internal and external motivation can be equally powerful. Why i am using this Maslows theory to reflect on my behaviour in group situations. This theory comes under content theories of motivation. There is significant relationship between behaviour and motivation particularly between group and individuals. Motivations of group have a serious impact on individual behaviour likewise the motivation of an individual can have serious impact on group. Abraham Maslow theory was proposed by Dr. Abraham Maslow in 1943, this theory is general overview of human motivation. His theory strikes a distinctive sense of balance between biological and social needs that integrates many motivational concepts. According to Maslow individual needs are set in a hierarchy, and everyone must satisfy their basic needs before they can satisfy their higher needs. The hierarchy is many times portrayed, as a pyramid beginning with physiological needs at the bottom and self-actualization at the top of this pyramid. The needs at the lower level are the most basic. These basic needs must be satisfy well before an individual can become concern with the higher needs like physiological needs, safety needs, security needs, social needs, law and affection, esteem needs. These needs must be satisfied before a person can act unselfishly. He called these needs deficiency needs. As long as we are motivated to satisfy these craving, people are moving toward growth, s elf-actualization, satisfying needs is healthy, which preventing gratification makes us sick or act evilly. Gareth Morgan suggests that employees are people with complex needs that must be satisfied if they are to lead perform effectively in a work place. Employees perform best when they are motivated by task, which will earn them some reward that satisfies their personal needs. Abraham Maslows theory of motivation most widely famous as hierarchy of needs states that human needs when arranged in form of hierarchy, ascending from lowest to the highest, as soon as need at lower level gets completed, the need at next level servers to be a motivator. Maslow divided human needs into five main categories such as physiological which include basic needs for sustaining life like food, water, shelter and sleep. Abraham Maslows needs hierarchy There are five different levels in Maslows hierarchy of needs: Self-actualizing Needs Self-actualizing Needs is the highest level of Maslows hierarchy of need. People are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others and interested fulfilling their potential. Esteem Needs Esteem needs include the things that reflect on self-esteem, personal worth, social recognition and accomplishment. Social Needs Social needs include belonging, love and affection. Maslow considered these needs to be less basic than physiological and security needs. Relationships such as friendships, love, romantic attachments and families help fulfil this need for companionship and acceptance, as does involvement in social, community or religious groups. Security Needs Security needs include safety and security. Security needs are important for survival, but they are not as demanding as the physiological needs. Examples of security needs include a desire for steady employment, health insurance, safe neighbourhoods and shelter from the environment. Physiological Needs A physiological need is low needs. These include the most basic needs that are vital to survival, such as the need for water, air, food and sleep. Maslow believed that these needs are the most basic and instinctive needs in the hierarchy because all needs become secondary until these physiological needs are met. Maslow was correct when he said that one need has to be fulfilled before we can move to the next one. Without sufficient amount sleep I wouldnt be able to think of nothing but sleep. Also if I am hungry food will be the only thing on my mind. But because each day I satisfy these basic needs I am able to think about other things because these needs are no longer controlling my thoughts. Next priority is given to security which includes freedom from physical danger and other fears like losing job, property, food, or shelter. Since people are social animals they need to belong, to be accepted by others, hence acceptance third in the list of needs. Once people satisfy their need to belong esteem needs emerge in the form of satisfactions as power, prestige, status and self-esteem and at last when all the other needs are satisfied need for self-actualization which is the desire to maximize ones potential and achieve something. Applying this theory many organisations where suggested to motivate their employees by monetary gains or assuring security of their job. , Koontz, H, Weihrich (2008), Morgan (2006). There was a research conducted by Douglas T Hall and Khalil Nongame which studied needs of hierarchy involving a group of managers over a time span of five years. They found that there was no strong evidence of hierarchy, as managers get promoted in organisation their physiological needs tend to decrease, while on other hand needs for self-actualization tend to increase H, Koontz , H, Weihrich(2008). Upcoming flaws of Maslows theory the process theory of motivation stated, with the study of ones decision making process and deter mining how individual behaviour is energised, directed and maintained. The major process theory of motivation includes expectancy theory, equity theory, goal setting theory and reinforcement theory. In my classroom activities I am relating this theorys to my classroom activities in a group. When considered my experience in a group situation once while doing a group presentation in collage we all are five people. We had a 20 days time to presentation and from first day we all thought to meet at my place but no one turn up this happened many time every one say some other reason. It happened for all 19 day only 1 day left to submit the presentation than I thought to divide the task to my group members. Each one is assign a separate task and the task should complete before the particular schedule time. With this I emerge as leader that made me influenza ion as Leadership. Not only Leadership but also motivation In order to sleep tonight I have to complete my task of presentation before sleep. I need to satisfy my physiological need that is to sleep in time. I should complete the presentation before night CONCLUSION According to the trait theory the question arises of weather a leader is born or developed. There is no defined answer as many theorists have different answers to this. Understanding the concepts from above of motivation its rewards systems as to how useful it is for a leader to understand how it can be utilized in getting work done from people, decision making and its importance in growing more efficient, managing change and adapting quickly to it, understanding human perceptions and how they affect management, understanding the value of power in an organization without which a leader is nothing, politics and control and the other factors finally lead towards the understanding that leaders are developed. Many individuals may be born with the skill to be a leader this does not prove that he grows up to be an effective leader. However he can develop the ability to become one. Experience and the urge to learn can help one become an efficient leader. According to my understanding a pers on might be born with natural abilities to become a leader. This assignment is very useful to assess my past behaviour to the present behaviour and ways to develop the behaviour and to assess the performance by using these theories in a group. These are the two oldest theories what I used because older principles are the basic for anything i.e. the applications should follows the basic principle. Only few people are reached the self-actualization concept in the Leadership theory and Maslows theory. I am very much willing to taste that step. So I am going to putting my effort in this way and also looking the ways to develop. In my opinion if the group activities are conducted from the child hood they will be a very useful to the individual to improve their personality, behaviour and from that the concept of Leadership and motivation skills will also improve for the betterment of the future.

World Literature Essay -- English Literature

World Literature Essay â€Å"The Jane Austen novel ‘Pride and Prejudice’ is basically concerned with the education of a young heroine† The statement â€Å"The Jane Austen novel ‘Pride and Prejudice’ is basically concerned with the education of a young heroine† raises many questions. The term education in this context means a journey of ones self rather than a formal schooling education. From the beginning pages of the book the idea of Elizabeth being the heroine is established. Since there are other themes of the novel, themes of love, reputation and class, it can be questioned as to whether the novel is centred on the education of Elizabeth. Darcy is also a major character to the plot of the novel and contains the same faults as Elizabeth so the book could be centred on his journey as well as hers. However, Elizabeth’s education in overcoming her obstacles is a very long one compared to that of Darcy’s In the first three pages of the novel the character of Elizabeth is depicted as a very intellectual character by her father. ‘ â€Å"..they are all silly and ignorant like other girls; but Lizzy has something more of a quickness than her sisters.† ’[1] It is clear that Austen introduces and forms such an impression of Elizabeth early in the novel in order to promptly get the reader into the plot and communicate the heroine of the novel. No other character commands the same interest as Elizabeth. Even though Elizabeth is depicted as the heroine, she possesses faults which are very set. The character’s biggest issues lie with pride and prejudice, each one in the way of her conquering the other. Whether the novel is basically concerned with the education with Elizabeth can be questioned as there are other major... ...enguin Books, London 1996. * Williams.M, Jane Austen: Six Novels and Their Methods. Macmillan, London 1986 * Lambert. J, A Text Response Guide to Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice. Wizard Books, Ballarat 1993 * Curtis.T, Get Smart Study Guide: Pride and Prejudice. Science Press, Australia 1999 * Handley.G, Brodies Notes on Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, London 1990. --------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Penguin Books, London 1996. pp 7 [2]Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Penguin Books, London 1996. pp 36 [3] ibid.,pp33 [4] ibid.,pp57 [5] ibid.,pp309 [6] Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Penguin Books, London 1996. pp21 [7] Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Penguin Books, London 1996. pp 89 [8] ibid.,pp94 [9] ibid., pp 202 [10] ibid., pp 295

WAC analysis

Dry. Nearness's Dilemma Written Analysis and Communication I Rushing Patella (Section D) Submitted to Proof. Rhino Patella Mrs.. Paola Thomas on July 2nd, 2011 Indian Institute of Management, Mohammedan. Letter of Transmittal TO Dry. Meridian Indian Medical (Asides) College (MIMIC) Achaean, Tamil Nadia Subject: Suggested course of action for Dry. Meridian Dear Dry. Meridian, Attached herewith is a short report analyzing the various alternatives available to you in response to Dry. Rampart's request regarding acquiring and commercialism patent on his research.After evaluation of various options, the recommended elution Is to sign an agreement with a manufacturer and gain annual royalties on sales of medicine. Detailed analysis is presented in the report attached herewith. Regards, Rusher's Patella student, WIMP Jan 5th, 2011 Executive Summary The key problem to be addressed is how to respond to the request made by fellow faculty member Dry. Earmark to ensure the intellectual property protection and centralization of his formulation targeting coronary atherosclerosis and what might be the possible repercussions of the decision on MIMIC and Asides medicine system.The Recommendation 9 Action Plan 9 Exhibits†¦. Situation Analysis Indian Medical College (MIMIC) was established in 2004 in Achaean (Tamil Nadia) to be a centre of excellence in Asides medicine by imparting higher education, promoting its use and researching various aspects of it. The key problem is the proposal put forth by Dry. Earmark to MIMIC three months ago in early October 2010 that MIMIC should ensure the patenting and commercialism of his herb-mineral cardiovascularAsides formulation that can be used for the treatment of coronary atherosclerosis. It has 90% chances of securing intellectual property rights as per a legal firm. The unique selling propositions of the formulation include non-invasive technique, cost- effectiveness, no side effects and reduction in need of vascular extents. Thus, it can be expected to have a great acceptance in market. It is understandable that the way this proposal is handled shall not only affect Dry. Earmark, MIMIC and its staff but also impact the future of Asides medicine system.The decision might impact the two referrers researching in aneurysm and treatment of septa defects and also the future of research activities at the institute. It is also true that validating gastric procedures and preparations may serve as a means to motivate other faculty members as well. Looking at Dry. Rampart's past record of developing useful modified gastric formulations which included a successful preparation for infertility, his new formulation can be safely presumed to be equally useful.The information sheet he provided shows that the formulation has been through animal toxicity study and was also tried on patients yielding successful results. No Asides medicine has the acceptance of Asides medicine by alternative systems of medicine. The patenting of a Asides medicine backed by evidence of safety analysis would be a major leap towards recognition as a globally-accepted medicine system. The solutions provided by a couple of management education students seem to be quite useful but need to be carefully evaluated to find out the most optimal route and what might be its possible repercussions.The Problem To find the most optimal solution to Dry. Rampart's proposal, keeping in mind, the interests of MIMIC, its staff and Asides medicine system. The Options The various alternatives that can be considered include: 1. Turning down Dry. Rampart's proposal or 2. Directly transferring the rights to a third party for a one-time licensing fee or 3. Using a registered pharmaceutical setup to manufacture the medicine, but do the marketing itself or 4. Signing an agreement with a manufacturer and gain annual royalties on sales of medicine.Criteria for Evaluation Criteria in descending order of preferences: a. Impact on Asides medicine – Mimic interests' lies in promotion of Asides medicine and hence, is the most important criterion. B. Interest of MIMIC – MIMIC mandate has to e followed and the interests of MIMIC & staff have to be protected. C. Profitability – Higher profitability shall help in development of institute and promote further research in Asides medicine. Evaluation of Options 1. Turning down Dry. Rampart's proposal a. Impact on Asides medicine – There shall be no apparent effect as such.But, the golden opportunity to foray into the global market and getting recognition amongst the conventional medicine systems shall be missed. B. Interest of MIMIC – Dry. Earmark shall be utterly disappointed with MIMIC and also the other two professors shall also feel denominated. C. Profitability – The institute shall not be able to capitalize on the commercial benefits on the formulation. 2. Directly transferring the rights to a third party for a one-time licensing fee Asides produ ct. No significant credit of success shall go to MIMIC or Dry.Earmark as all the rights over the patent are handed over. B. Interest of MIMIC – Transferring the license will not let MIMIC commercialism the benefits of exploiting the formulations, and hence the interest of the institute might get affected. The other two professors might be motivated by the recognition and support rendered by MIMIC to Dry. Rampart's research. C. Profitability – The expected return as per random variable distribution turns out to be RSI. 57,500 (Exhibit 1). Since the profitability is greater than 1, it is an acceptable proposal. . Using a registered pharmaceutical setup to manufacture the medicine, but do the marketing itself a. Impact on Asides medicine – The promotion of Asides medicine can be regulated in an efficient manner since the marketing responsibilities will be of MIMIC who shall dedicatedly work towards it. B. Interest of MIMIC – Dry. Earmark shall be extremely h appy with MIMIC. The other two professors shall be motivated by the support displayed by MIMIC. However, lack of competent marketing professionals might restrict the progress of this approach. C.Profitability – This plan provides better profitability as compared to the previous plan (Exhibit 1). 4. Signing an agreement with a manufacturer and gain annual royalties on sales of medicine a. Impact on Asides medicine – This shall be the foray of Asides medicine towards getting recognition amongst the parallel medicine systems as it would be the first patented Asides drug backed by evidence to enter the market. It illustrates the best way as to how to reap commercial benefits of Asides formulation and shall also inspire other Asides colleges and researchers. B. Interest of MIMIC – Dry.Earmark shall be overwhelmed with Mimic response and the other two professors shall also derive inspiration from this. There are minimal responsibilities on the shoulders of MIMIC. The patent rights remain with MIMIC and hence, they own the formulation if the agreement ends before exclusivity period of patent. C. Profitability – This plan provides highest profitability I. E. 2. 21 and highest gross sales I. E. RSI. (Exhibit 1). Higher gross sales suggest promotion and acceptance of Asides medicine among masses. The Recommendation Action Plan Following steps are proposed to follow up on recommendation: 1 .

Obama Pardons - 70 People Pardoned by Barack Obama

Obama Pardons - 70 People Pardoned by Barack Obama Here is an up-to-date list of  the  70 people pardoned by President Barack Obama and the offenses they were convicted of, according to the U.S. Department of Justice and the White House. Khosrow Afghahi, who was indicted in 2015 for allegedly  facilitating the illegal export of high-tech microelectronics, uninterruptible power supplies and other commodities to Iran in violation of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act. William Ricardo Alvarez of  Marietta, Ga., who was convicted of conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute heroin and  conspiracy to import heroin. He was sentenced in 1997 to nine months of  imprisonment and  four years of  supervised release.Roy Norman Auvil of Illinois, who was convicted in 1964 with  possessing an unregistered distilling apparatus. James Bernard Banks  of  Liberty, Utah, who was convicted of  illegal possession of government property and sentenced in 1972 to  two years of probation. Robert Leroy Bebee  of  Rockville, Maryland, who was convicted of misprision of a felony and was sentenced to  two years probation.   Lesley Claywood Berry Jr.  of  Loretto, Kentucky, who was convicted of  conspiracy to manufacture, possess with intent to distribute, and distribute marijuana and was sentenced to  three years in prison. James Anthony Bordinaro  of  Gloucester, Mass., who was convicted to  conspiracy to restrain, suppress, and eliminate competition in violation of the Sherman Act and  conspiracy to submit false statements and was sentenced to 12 months of imprisonment and  three years supervised release and a $55,000 fine.   Bernard Bryan Bulcourf, who was convicted in Florida in 1988 of counterfeiting money. Dennis George Bulin  of  Wesley Chapel, Fla., who was convicted of conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute in excess of 1,000 pounds of marijuana and was sentenced to  five years of probation and a $20,000 fine. Steve Charlie Calamars, who was convicted in Texas in 1989 of possession of phenyl-2-propanone with intent to manufacture a quantity of methamphetamine. Ricky Dale Collett  of  Annville, Kentucky, who was convicted of  aiding and abetting in the manufacture of 61 marijuana plants and sentenced in 2002 to  one year of probation conditioned on 60 days of home detention. Kelli Elisabeth Collins  of  Harrison, Arkansas, who was convicted of  aiding and abetting a wire fraud and sentenced to  five years probation. Charlie Lee Davis, Jr. of  Wetumpka, Ala., who was convicted of possession with intent to distribute cocaine base and  use of a minor to distribute cocaine base. He was sentenced in 1995 to  87 months of  imprisonment and  five years supervised release.Diane Mary DeBarri, who was convicted in in Pennsylvania in 1984 of distribution of methamphetamine. Russell James Dixon of Clayton, Ga., who was convicted of a felony liquor law violation and sentenced in 1960  to two years of probation. Laurens Dorsey  of  Syracuse, N.Y., who was convicted of conspiracy to defraud the United States by making false statements to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. She was sentenced to  five years of probation and $71,000 restitution. Randy Eugene Dyer, who was convicted of conspiracy to import marijuana (hashish), and  conspiracy to remove baggage from the custody and control of the U.S. Customs Service and convey false information concerning an attempt to damage a civil aircr aft.Donnie Keith Ellison, who was convicted in Kentucky in 1995 of manufacturing marijuana. Tooraj Faridi, who  was indicted in 2015 for allegedly facilitating the illegal export of high-tech microelectronics, uninterruptible power supplies and other commodities to Iran in violation of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act Ronald Lee Foster  of  Beaver Falls, Pa., was convicted of mutilation of coins and sentenced to  one year of probation and $20 fine. John Marshall French, who was convicted in South Carolina in 1993 of conspiracy to transport a stolen motor vehicle in interstate commerce. Edwin Hardy Futch, Jr.  of  Pembroke, Georgia, who was convicted of  theft from an interstate shipment and  sentenced to five years probation and  $2,399.72 restitution. Timothy James Gallagher  of  Navasota, Texas, who was convicted of conspiracy to distribute and possess with intent to distribute cocaine. He was sentenced to  three years of probation. Jon Dylan Girard, who was convicted of counterfeit in Ohio of 2002. Nima Golestaneh, who pleaded gui lty in Vermont in 2015 to  wire fraud and his involvement in the October 2012 hacking of a Vermont-based engineering consulting and software company.   Ronald Eugene Greenwood of  Crane, Mo., who was convicted of conspiracy to violate the Clean Water Act. He was sentenced in 1996 to three years probation, six months home confinement, 100 hours community service, $5,000 restitution and a  $1,000 fine. Cindy Marie Griffith  of  Moyock, North Carolina, who was convicted of distribution of satellite cable television decryption devices and sentenced to  two years probation with 100 hours of community service.   Roy Eugene Grimes, Sr.  of  Athens, Tenn., who was convicted of  falsely altering a United States postal money order and passing,  uttering, and publishing a forged and altered money order with intent to defraud. He was sentenced to 18 months probation. Joe Hatch of  Lake Placid, Fla., who was convicted of possession with intent to distribute marijuana. He was sentenced in 1990 to  60 months of  imprisonment and  four years of  supervised release. Martin Alan Hatcher of  Foley, Ala., who was convic ted of distribution and possession with intent to distribute marijuana. He was sentenced in 1992 to five years of  probation. Roxane Kay Hettinger  of  Powder Springs, Ga., who was convicted of conspiracy to distribute cocaine and sentenced in 1986 to  30 days in jail followed by three years of probation.Melody Eileen Homa, who was convicted aiding and abetting bank fraud in Virginia in 1991. Martin Kaprelian  of  Park Ridge, Ill., who was convicted of  conspiracy to transport stolen property in interstate commerce; transporting stolen property in interstate commerce; and concealing stolen property that was transported in interstate commerce. He was sentenced in 1984 to  nine years in prison and  five years of probation. Jon Christopher Kozeliski of  Decatur, Ill., who was convicted of conspiracy to traffic counterfeit goods and  sentenced to  one year of probation with six months of home confinement and a  $10,000 fine. Edgar Leopold Kranz Jr.  of  Minot, N.D., who was convicted of wrongful use of cocaine, adultery and writing three insufficient fund checks. He was  court-ma rtialed and discharged from the military for  bad conduct discharge (suspended), and sentenced to 24 months of confinement and reduction to pay grade E-1.      Ã‚   Derek James Laliberte of  Auburn, Maine, who was convicted to money laundering. He was sentenced in 1993 to  18 months in prison and 2 years of  supervised release. Floretta Leavy  of  Rockford, Ill., who was convicted of distribution of cocaine, conspiracy to distribute cocaine, possession of marijuana with intent to distribute, and possession of cocaine with intent to distribute. She was sentenced in  1984 to  one year and one day in prison and three years of special parole. Thomas Paul Ledford  of  Jonesborough, Tenn., who was convicted of  conducting and directing an illegal gambling business.  He was sentenced in 1995 to  one year of probation conditioned on performance of 100 hours of community service. Danny Alonzo Levitz, who was convicted of conspiracy.Ricardo Marcial Lomedico Sr., who was convicted in Washington in in 1969 of misappropriation of bank funds. Alfred J. Mack of  Manassas, Va., who was convicted to unlawful distribution of heroin and sentenced in 1982 to  18 to 54 months of  imprisonment.   David Raymond Mannix, a U.S. Marine who was convicted in 1989 of conspiracy to commit larceny  and theft of military property. Jimmy Ray Mattison  of  Anderson, S.C., who was convicted of  conspiracy to transport and cause the transportation of altered securities in  interstate commerce, transporting and causing the transportation  of altered securities in interstate commerce. He was sentenced to  three years probation. Bahram Mechanic, who was indicted on charges of  violating the International Emergency Economic Powers Act for  allegedly shipping millions of dollars in technology to their company in Iran. David Neil Mercer, who was convicted in Utah in 1997 of violating the Archaeological Resources Protection Act violation.  According to published reports, Mercer  damaged American Indian remnants on federal land. Scoey Lathaniel Morris  of  Crosby, Texas, who was convicted of  passing counterfeit obligations or securities and sentenced in 1999 to  th ree years of probation and $1,200 restitution, jointly and severally. Claire Holbrook Mulford, who was convicted in Texas in 1993 of using a residence to distribute methamphetamine.Michael Ray Neal, who was convicted of manufacture, assembly, modification and distribution of equipment for unauthorized decryption of satellite cable programming,Edwin Alan North, who was convicted of transfer of a firearm without payment of transfer tax. An Na Peng  of  Honolulu, Hawaii, who was convicted of conspiracy to defraud the Immigration and Naturalization Service and sentenced to two years probation and a  $2,000 fine.Allen Edward Peratt, Sr., who was convicted of conspiracy to distribute methamphetamine. Michael John Petri  of  Montrose, South Dakota, who was convicted of conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute and distribution of a controlled  substance. He was sentenced to  five years imprisonment  and three years supervised release. Karen Alicia Ragee  of  Decatur, Ill., who was convicted of  conspiracy to traffic counterfeit goo ds and sentenced to one year of probation with six months of home confinement and a  $2,500 fine. Christine Marie Rossiter, who was convicted of conspiracy to distribute less than 50 kilograms of marijuana. Jamari Salleh  of  Alexandria, Va., who was convicted of  false claims upon and against the United States and sentenced to four years probation, a $5,000 fine and  $5,900 restitution. Robert Andrew Schindler of  Goshen, Va., who was convicted to conspiracy to commit wire fraud and mail fraud and sentenced in 1986 to three years of  probation, four months of  home confinement, and $10,000 restitution. Alfor Sharkey  of  Omaha, Nebraska, who was convicted of  unauthorized acquisition of food stamps and sentenced to three years probation with 100 hours of community service and  $2,750 restitution. Willie Shaw, Jr. of  Myrtle Beach, S.C., who was convicted to armed bank robbery and sentenced in 1974 to 15  years imprisonment. Donald Barrie Simon, Jr.  of  Chattanooga, Tenn., who was convicted of aiding and abetting in the theft of an interstate shipme nt and sentenced to two years imprisonment and  three years probation. Brian Edward Sledz, who was convicted of wire fraud in Illinois in 1993. Lynn Marie Stanek of  Tualatin, Oregon, who was convicted of  unlawful use of a communication facility to distribute cocaine and sentenced to six months in jail, five years probation conditioned on residence in a  community treatment center for a period not to exceed one year.Albert Byron Stork, who was convicted of filing a false tax return in Colorado in 1987. Kimberly Lynn Stout of  Bassett, Va., who was convicted to bank embezzlement and  false entries in the books of a lending institution. She was sentenced in 1993 to one day imprisonment, three years supervised release including five months home confinement. Bernard Anthony Sutton, Jr. of  Norfolk, Va., who was convicted of theft of personal property and sentenced in 1989 to three years probation,  $825 restitution and a  $500 fine. Chris Deann Switzer of  Omaha, Nebraska, who was convicted to conspiracy to violate narcotics laws and sent enced in 1996 to four years probation, six months home confinement, drug and alcohol treatment, and 200 hours community service. Larry Wayne Thornton  of  Forsyth, Georgia, who was convicted of  possession of an unregistered firearm and  possession of  a firearm without a serial number, and was sentenced to four years probation.Patricia Ann Weinzatl, who was convicted of structuring transactions to evade reporting requirements.Bobby Gerald Wilson, who was convicted of  Aiding and abetting the possession and sale of illegal American alligator hides. Miles Thomas Wilson of  Williamsburg, Ohio, who was convicted of mail fraud and sentenced in 1981 to three years supervised release. Donna Kaye Wright of  Friendship, Tenn., who was. convicted of  embezzlement and misapplication of bank funds, and sentenced to 54 days imprisonment, three years probation conditioned on performance of six hours of community service per week.

Jingle Bells in Spanish

Jingle Bells in Spanish Here are three Spanish-language Christmas songs that can be sung to the tune of Jingle Bells. None of them attempt to be a translation of the English song, although they all borrow the bell theme. Following each song is an English translation, and at the bottom of the page is a vocabulary guide for the boldfaced words. Cascabel Cascabel, cascabel,mà ºsica de amor.Dulces horas, gratas horas,Juventud en flor.Cascabel, cascabeltan sentimental.No ceces, oh cascabel,de repiquetear.adjective Translation of Cascabel Jingle bell, jingle bell,music of love.Sweet time, pleasant time,Youth in bloom.Jingle bell, jingle bellSo sentimental.Dont stop, oh jingle bell,the happy ringing. Navidad, Navidad Navidad, Navidad, hoy es Navidad.Con campanas este dà ­a hay que festejar.Navidad, Navidad, porque ya nacià ³ayer noche, Nochebuena, el nià ±ito Dios. Translation of Navidad, Navidad Christmas, Christmas, today is Christmas.It is necessary to celebrate this with bells.Christmas, Christmas, because just last nightthe little baby God was born. Cascabeles Caminando en trineo, cantando por los camposVolando por la nieve, radiantes de amorRepican las campanas, brillantes de alegrà ­aPaseando y cantando se alegra el corazà ³n,  ¡ay!Cascabeles, cascabeles, tra la la la la ¡Quà © alegrà ­a todo el dà ­a, que felicidad, ay!Cascabeles, cascabeles, tra la la la laQue alegrà ­a todo el dà ­a, que felicidad Translation of Cascabeles Traveling by sleigh, singing through the fieldsFlying through the snow, beaming with love,The bells ring, brilliant with joy.The heart is cheerful as it strolls along and sings. Whee!Jingle bells, jingle bells, tra-la-la-la-la.What joy all day, what happiness! Whee!Jingle bells, jingle bells, tra-la-la-la-la.What joy all day, what happiness! Whee! Translation Notes In this context, a cascabel typically refers to a small metallic ball with a piece of metal inside that is designed to make a ringing sound when the ball is shaken. Such a ball is often attached to the collar of a pet or the harness of a horse so its motion can be heard. A cascabel can also be a baby rattle or the rattler of a rattlesnake. Note how dulces (sweet) and gratas (pleasant or agreeable) are placed before the nouns they modify. This is commonly done with adjectives that have an emotional aspect. Thus dulce after a noun might refer to sweetness as a taste, while dulce in front may refer to a persons feelings about the noun. The suffix -tud is added to a slightly modified root word joven (meaning young) to turn the adjective into a noun, forming juventud.   Tan is closely related to tanto; both are used in making comparisons. Cesar is a cognate of to cease. Just as we would be more likely to use stop rather than cease in everyday speech, so would Spanish speakers more likely use parar or terminar. Note how this song uses the familiar second-person form ceses, speaking to the cascabel as if it were a person. This is an example of personification. Repiquetear usually refers to the lively ringing of bells, although it can also be used to the sound of drums or a repeated pounding on something. Navidad is the word for Christmas as a noun, while navideà ±o is the adjective form. Campana usually refers to a traditional bell or something that is in the shape of one. Hay que followed by an infinitive is a common way of saying that something needs to be done. Festejar usually means to celebrate, although celebrar is more common. Normally, the event being celebrated (este dà ­a) would be placed after festejar, as would be done in English. Presumably an atypical word order was used here for poetic purposes. Either và ­spera de Navidad or Nochebuena can be used to refer to Christmas Eve. Ya is a vaguely defined adverb used to add emphasis. The translation of ya is highly dependent on context. Ways of referring to last night in addition to ayer noche include anoche, ayer por la noche and la noche pasada. Nià ±ito is an example of a diminutive noun. The suffix -ito has been appended to nià ±o (boy) to make it refer to a baby boy. Dios is the word for God. As with the English god, the word is capitalized when it used as the name of a specific divine creature, especially the Judeo-Christian God. Campo usually means field. In the plural, as here, it can refer to an undeveloped rural area. Ay is a multipurpose exclamation that usually has a negative connotation such as ouch! Here it seems to be more of a simple shout of joy. Dà ­a , the word for day, is one of most common nouns ending in a that is masculine, breaking a common gender rule.

British Petroleum Corporate Social Responsibility

British Petroleum Corporate Social Responsibility Written by Mathew Bishop and Michael Green, Is Corporate Social Responsibility Evil explores the issue of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) by observing two events: the recent oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico and the melt down of financial systems in the late 2008.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on British Petroleum Corporate Social Responsibility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It seeks to de-link corporate social responsibility from the two incidents in response to an article whereby Chrystia Freeland, an editor with the Washington Post, positively correlated the two. In the case of the oil spill, the article seeks to show that even though British Petroleum (BP) did go to great lengths in their CSR campaign; other firms that did not do this would have suffered the same fate because of their shallow strategy of just ensuring ‘no failure and never preparing for one.’ The article agrees that, CSR did have the effect of affording the company leniency and more time than would have been the case if their CSR were not so aggressive. It also argues that, the CSR campaign by the company had waned since it declared the need to go beyond petroleum in combating factors that lead to climate change. On the financial systems meltdown, the article admits that Goldman Sachs focused on CSR activities, which did not seem to help the firm in its advancement. The firm became unpopular due to the huge profits it made after the crisis and gave out huge bonuses to its staff not acknowledging the public for the banking industry bail out. The authors therefore argue that the approach to focus on CSR rather than its presence was wrong. In conclusion, firms need to better their CSR by engaging in better ways with the public to avoid such incidences. As the article further roll out, the need for CSR is emphasized and its advantages highlighted in different ways. Firstly, CSR need sticks out clearly in th e BP case in the way the concerned parties were able to buy more time and leniency because of being part of corporate social responsibility. Their advocacy of increased use of greener sources of energy aligned the parties for future changes and gave the impression that they care about the wellbeing of the environment and the society as a whole. Value added to products and services is one of the advantages of a well-implemented CSR plan. The regression in profits for Goldman Sachs shows a failure in their CSR approach. The article underlines the importance of efficient communication with the public in the implementation of a CSR plan. The article covers the existing literature but no new idea comes into play. However, the link between the theories of CSR and the industry practise comes out well in the analysis of these two cases. Despite the author’s articulation of the importance of CSR, the article fails to give sufficient support to the ideas that it presents. For instance, the claim that the decreased public perception on the Goldman Sachs investment firm hinged on its CSR policy is not substantiated by a research or other relevant means.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the ideas presented do rhyme with the given literature on the subject especially on the benefits a firm stands to gain from CSR. I do therefore agree with the article that, CSR is not an evil but a strategy that calls for proper implementation in order to reap maximum benefits. Reference Bishop, M., Green, M. (2010). Is Corporate Social Responsibility Evil? Huffpost  Business. Retrieved from https://www.huffpost.com/entry/is-corporate-social-respo_b_652054

I am Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

I am - Essay Example figuration of my mother, it turned out to be chronologically three dimensional, typically impacted and shaped by the length of her relationship with me and the biases that she accrued to me owing to my close relationship with her. As per my mother, I was always a disciplined and good natured person who has evolved into a responsible and reliable personality. It goes without saying that while constructing this configuration; my mother was to a large extent biased pertaining to the selection of data she subscribed to, to shape my persona. The information that she relied on to typify my configuration was primarily obsolete, as she had either little information as to how I carried myself as a social and professional person, or she decided to ignore the information at her disposal, going by the choice of words that she used to define me. Not to mention that such a response from her was accurately in consonance with my expectations, though not in tandem with my innate self concept. I can s ay that my mother’s opinion of me was aimed at securing optimal relational satisfaction for her. The configuration contrived by my mother catered to my innate self concept that is adhered to a large extent to the stable set of perceptions that I held about myself. This indeed boosted my self esteem as it satiated that aspect of my, self concept that involved personal evaluations of my, self worth. I also need to mention that this particular interaction with my mother proceeded smoothly as her and mine communication was indeed impacted by a mutually evinced high self esteem. As my mother happens to be a ‘significant other’ in my life I must acknowledge that her evaluation of me was especially taken to be quiet influential. This evaluation was no way influenced by any viable and pragmatic social comparison. Wang had been working as my subordinate for the past ten months and in the context of personal expectations, I considered him to be quiet close to me, irrespective of him being

Conflict Identification and Resolution Research Paper

Conflict Identification and Resolution - Research Paper Example Conflict refers to a situation where two or more parties are in serious discrepancies. Failure to resolve existing discrepancies is an effect on the morale of employees as well as their performance. Neglecting individuals’ duties due to disagreements negatively affects the overall performance of the organization in that it makes employees fail to meet organizational targets. Hence, unmet targets decrease organizational finances, a factor that makes organizations to collapse. It is of importance to outline ways of dealing with conflicts within the organization to help improve relations of both employees and organizational heads. Individuals should aim at improving the economic conditions of the organizations. Conflict identification Identification of conflicts is a vital aspect for managers aspiring to enhance the workforce in the organization. Those are several ways denoting that there are conflicts in organizations. These ways are a reduction in employee performance in relati on to the level of output. There is the need to ensure an improvement in organizational performances by dealing with the desires of the employees. It is also good to address motivational rewards to establish to various employees in accordance with their performance. According to Ohlendorf,  it is managers’ mandate to lay down better ways of improving employee point of view in relation to how they (workers) perceive their managers. Disagreements in the organization are common and occur due to dissatisfaction in places of work.

How Ethics Fades Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How Ethics Fades - Essay Example To control such activities, the Securities and Exchange Commission (S.E.C.) was established to put into completion rules and regulations protecting the government, investors and public alike (www.sec.gov). The story of Raj Rajaratnam is action-packed non-fiction that brings audiences to a glimpse of how the S.E.C. functions. Rajaratnam is the founder of Galleon, a multi-billion hedge fund, who hired employees illegally, who were working in potential companies to get information from them. Among these people who played important roles in the game of Rajaratnam was Anil Kumar, a senior executive of McKinsey, a consulting firm which wanted to get Rajaratnam as a client. Meeting at a charity event in 2003, the two being former classmates made a deal about how Kumar was to be paid by the billionaire as an adviser. Kumar was not the first nor the only one of Rajaratnam’s informer, though. Names like Adam Smith, Krish Panu, Kris Chellam and Rajiv Goel were in the Galleon’s hea d’s list, all Indian-born businessmen with prominent positions in large companies. Paying them a good deal of money, their services were at Rajaratnam’s command, making him escape the loss of great amounts of money or the gain of it. When his investments are at a risk, Rajaratnam was informed and he sold his shares before a company closes down. Likewise, he is advised on what to buy at very low prices in accordance with the information given to him by his ‘advisers’. Whatever occurs, he is always on the win with his dealings (Packer). Insider trading is the name of Rajaratnam’s game, getting information from insiders for his benefit, making sure he always makes money in his investments and he may not be the only one who is doing the practice but his large company just could not escape the suspicious eyes of the S.E.C. Formerly, S.E.C. was looking into Sedna Capital, a hedge fund run by Rengan Rajaratnam, the billionaire’s brother who was tipp ed off engaging in insider trading. An anonymous letter sent in 2007 about Galleon strengthened S.E.C. official’s suspicions and their investigations begun.

Is God a Man or a Woman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is God a Man or a Woman - Essay Example The Upanishadic texts (like some of the earlier Vedic texts) are primarily concerned with acquiring knowledge of the "soul", "spirit" and "god". The Upanishadic concept of God was abstract and philosophical. Different Upanishadic texts postulated the doctrine of an Universal Soul that embraced all physical beings. All life emanated from this universal soul and death simply caused individual manifestations of the soul to merge or mingle back with the universal soul.. The Hindu philosophy of the Atman and Paramatman finds its basis from this scientific concept. As a corollary to this theory emerged the notion that even as individual beings might refer to this universal soul - i.e. God in varied ways - by using different names and different methods of worship - all living beings were nevertheless related to each other and to the universal God, and capable of merging with the universal god. Such an approach was not incompatible with secular society, and permitted different faiths and sub-faiths to coexist in relative peace and harmony. In the course of defining their philosophy, the scholars of the Upanishad period raised several questions that challenged mechanical theism (as was also done in some hymns from the Rig Veda and Atharva Veda). If God existed as the unique creator of the world, they wondered who created this unique creator. The logical pursuit of such a line of questioning could either lead to an infinite series of creators, or to the rejection or abandonment of this line of questioning. The common theist solution to this philosophical dilemma was to simply reject logic and demand unquestioning faith on the part of the believer. A few theists attempted to use this contradiction to their own advantage by positing that god existed precisely because "He" was indescribable by mere mortals. But, by and large, this contradiction was taken very seriously by the philosophers of the Upanishadic period. The Upanishadic philosophers attempted to resolve this contradiction by defining God as an entity that extend ed infinitely in all dimensions covering both space and time. This was a philosophical advance in that it attempted to come to terms with at least the most obvious challenges to the notion of god as a human-like creator and did not require the complete rejection of logic. In the very process of their questioning, (and albeit speculative reasoning about god), they had opened the door for rationalists and even outright atheists who took their tentative questioning about the role and the character of God as "creator" to conclusions that rejected theism entirely. But in either case, many rationalist and/or naturalist philosophical streams emerged from this initial foundation. Some were nominally theistic (but in the abstract Upanishadic vein), others were agnostic (as the early Jains), while the early Buddhists and the Lokayatas were atheists. Buddhism, on the other hand is basically a religion of the mind, of the present moment awareness, of leading a virtuous and responsible life, and of the individual who is in search of an answer to the problems of change, impermanence and suffering within the confines of his own experience as a practitioner of the Eightfold path. The tenets of Buddhism are not centered around the concept of an universal supreme being, who in other religions, is responsible for

Assignment 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Assignment 3 - Essay Example Furthermore an understanding and integration of filtering, meaning watching, and meaning constriction also will be discussed. It is the hope of this author that through such an analysis the means by which individuals are marketed to as well is the means by which individuals relate to and understand marketing will be understood to a further degree. The first of the magazines which will be analyzed within this brief discussion is that of â€Å"Woman’s Day†. Exhibition of the niche market and segmentation that â€Å"Woman’s Day† represents is instantly noted by its cover. Whereas the covers of nearly every surrounding magazine have pictured upon them stylize, airbrushed, and otherwise unreasonable representations of beauty, the current edition of â€Å"Woman’s Day† features upon its cover representations of several culinary treats. As a function of the representation of food, and the overtly obvious title that the magazine exhibits, the individu al understands that this particular magazine is geared specifically towards a female audience most likely between the ages of 30 to 65. Accordingly the lifestyle that is exhibited by such market segmentation is likely that of a homemaker; or at least an individual that is highly interested in cooking and homemaking. Naturally the values and attitudes that such a magazine seeks to express are somewhat more muted and conservative than many of the other offerings that might be seen within a local magazine rack. Conversely, with respect to the magazine â€Å"Seventeen†, the subject matter is almost entirely different. As one can see both from the title and the highly sexualized imagery available on the front cover, the magazine seeks to integrate with a young consumer that is highly conscious of their clothing, busy, and overall sex of fuel. As a function of this nearly every single article that is advertised on the cover speaks to some if not all of these three subcategories of interest. Although it cannot be definitively stated by this author the upper bounds of the age group that â€Å"Seventeen† magazines might appeal, it is safe to assume that the magazine is most certainly geared towards an audience between the ages of 15 to 27 years of age. Although broad statements cannot be made with regards to the values attitudes and lifestyle of the consumer that might integrate with such a magazine, it is also safe to assume that these will necessarily be more liberal, relaxed, and open-minded than those the VALS that were exhibited within the market segmentation and representation of â€Å"â€Å"Woman’s Day†Ã¢â‚¬ . Finally, with regards to â€Å"Maxim† magazine the demographic and segmentation that is targeted and marketed to is almost exclusively male. â€Å"Maxim† represents a unique case due to the fact that many of the market strategies that are employed to sell the magazines are not entirely unlike the same marketing s trategies and segmentations that the pornography industry utilizes to sell their magazines. Accordingly, from a cursory review of cover as well as the stories, the main thrust of the magazine is concentric upon male sex drive. As such females are represented, both on the cover and inside magazine, and highly erotic (albeit clothed) poses whereas the stories that the company these representations are almost always concentric upon what might be understood as typical male behavior. As with â€Å"

Factors for the prevalence of diabetes and mental health(inpatient) in Research Paper

Factors for the prevalence of diabetes and mental health(inpatient) in the UK - Research Paper Example actors responsible for mental illness in the UK include infections, pregnancy, lack of essential nutrients, psychological factors, poor parenting, poor relationships, economic problems, poor relationships, family destructions, social expectations, etc. The differences between mental illness and mental disorders have also been elaborated in the discussion for better understanding. Recommendations have been made on the basis of the discussion and they include out of family marriage, addressing to environmental issues sincerely, taking precautions against viruses, encouraging breast feeding, increasing physical activities, reducing workload, minimising use of artificial flavour, eating more nutritious food, taking precautions during sexual intercourse as well as pregnancy, improving parenting and addressing to several social factors responsible for the prevalence of these dangerous diseases. Diabetes and mental illness are among the most prevalent diseases in the United Kingdom. People with these disorders die prematurely as compared to other diseases. Other than the deaths from accidents or unnatural incidents, the number of deaths from diabetes and mental illness are quite high. The relationship between diabetes and mental illness is now recognized on a broader scale (Diabetes U.K 2010). Usually there are two types of the diabetes that are found in co-occurrence with schizophrenia and that pairing of glucose tolerance affect the overall health of a person. Both the diseases collectively misuse substances present in the body affecting the health of patients severely leading them the mortality. Through several researches it is evaluated as well that the people with diabetes are more likely to die as compared to the people without the evidences of diabetes in their bodies. (Vinogradova et al. 2014) The researches on the death rates and the patients with such diseases are though no more ignored by the researchers yet the researches on the factors causing these

Is God a Man or a Woman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is God a Man or a Woman - Essay Example The Upanishadic texts (like some of the earlier Vedic texts) are primarily concerned with acquiring knowledge of the "soul", "spirit" and "god". The Upanishadic concept of God was abstract and philosophical. Different Upanishadic texts postulated the doctrine of an Universal Soul that embraced all physical beings. All life emanated from this universal soul and death simply caused individual manifestations of the soul to merge or mingle back with the universal soul.. The Hindu philosophy of the Atman and Paramatman finds its basis from this scientific concept. As a corollary to this theory emerged the notion that even as individual beings might refer to this universal soul - i.e. God in varied ways - by using different names and different methods of worship - all living beings were nevertheless related to each other and to the universal God, and capable of merging with the universal god. Such an approach was not incompatible with secular society, and permitted different faiths and sub-faiths to coexist in relative peace and harmony. In the course of defining their philosophy, the scholars of the Upanishad period raised several questions that challenged mechanical theism (as was also done in some hymns from the Rig Veda and Atharva Veda). If God existed as the unique creator of the world, they wondered who created this unique creator. The logical pursuit of such a line of questioning could either lead to an infinite series of creators, or to the rejection or abandonment of this line of questioning. The common theist solution to this philosophical dilemma was to simply reject logic and demand unquestioning faith on the part of the believer. A few theists attempted to use this contradiction to their own advantage by positing that god existed precisely because "He" was indescribable by mere mortals. But, by and large, this contradiction was taken very seriously by the philosophers of the Upanishadic period. The Upanishadic philosophers attempted to resolve this contradiction by defining God as an entity that extend ed infinitely in all dimensions covering both space and time. This was a philosophical advance in that it attempted to come to terms with at least the most obvious challenges to the notion of god as a human-like creator and did not require the complete rejection of logic. In the very process of their questioning, (and albeit speculative reasoning about god), they had opened the door for rationalists and even outright atheists who took their tentative questioning about the role and the character of God as "creator" to conclusions that rejected theism entirely. But in either case, many rationalist and/or naturalist philosophical streams emerged from this initial foundation. Some were nominally theistic (but in the abstract Upanishadic vein), others were agnostic (as the early Jains), while the early Buddhists and the Lokayatas were atheists. Buddhism, on the other hand is basically a religion of the mind, of the present moment awareness, of leading a virtuous and responsible life, and of the individual who is in search of an answer to the problems of change, impermanence and suffering within the confines of his own experience as a practitioner of the Eightfold path. The tenets of Buddhism are not centered around the concept of an universal supreme being, who in other religions, is responsible for

Factors for the prevalence of diabetes and mental health(inpatient) in Research Paper

Factors for the prevalence of diabetes and mental health(inpatient) in the UK - Research Paper Example actors responsible for mental illness in the UK include infections, pregnancy, lack of essential nutrients, psychological factors, poor parenting, poor relationships, economic problems, poor relationships, family destructions, social expectations, etc. The differences between mental illness and mental disorders have also been elaborated in the discussion for better understanding. Recommendations have been made on the basis of the discussion and they include out of family marriage, addressing to environmental issues sincerely, taking precautions against viruses, encouraging breast feeding, increasing physical activities, reducing workload, minimising use of artificial flavour, eating more nutritious food, taking precautions during sexual intercourse as well as pregnancy, improving parenting and addressing to several social factors responsible for the prevalence of these dangerous diseases. Diabetes and mental illness are among the most prevalent diseases in the United Kingdom. People with these disorders die prematurely as compared to other diseases. Other than the deaths from accidents or unnatural incidents, the number of deaths from diabetes and mental illness are quite high. The relationship between diabetes and mental illness is now recognized on a broader scale (Diabetes U.K 2010). Usually there are two types of the diabetes that are found in co-occurrence with schizophrenia and that pairing of glucose tolerance affect the overall health of a person. Both the diseases collectively misuse substances present in the body affecting the health of patients severely leading them the mortality. Through several researches it is evaluated as well that the people with diabetes are more likely to die as compared to the people without the evidences of diabetes in their bodies. (Vinogradova et al. 2014) The researches on the death rates and the patients with such diseases are though no more ignored by the researchers yet the researches on the factors causing these

Learning Communities Essay Example for Free

Learning Communities Essay Concorde Career Institute Orlando has been an educational institution for over 25 years. This organization provides fast-track, health-related programs in various fields. As with any educational institution, proprietary or not, there are many employees-all part of many different departments. Concorde Orlando has developed of a learning community to some extent, but the findings presented in Assignment Two support a need for further development in many areas. Concorde has committed itself to providing online and in-person training in order to continue to connect members of its current learning community. This training usually covers a variety of different objectives and the training is usually provided by outside companies. By utilizing outside agencies to provide training materials, the needs of the organization and its employees are not being evaluated nor met. A more personalized training, tailored to specific and immediate needs is a must. Stronger leadership and a more cohesive working milieu are also imperative. Concorde’s major concerns should be focused upon its communication and teamwork approach but, there are many more areas of that require attention. A cohesive, functional learning environment takes dedication and time. Once those areas are better executed, it can begin to build upon the foundation it has begun to lay. Concorde Career Institution, as a corporation, makes statements that it supports a mature learning environment. The mission statement seems to promote an idealistic working atmosphere that fosters independent thinking, creativity, and a teamwork approach to education. Reality has proven to be different. A motivated and strong team leader should be put into place-one that can appreciate the benefits of a well-built and maturely developed learning community. Concorde Orlando provides a yearly employee evaluation. This valuation is meant to appraise employee performance, acknowledge strengths and identify weaknesses. The employee evaluates himself, and then subsequently, so does his/her immediate supervisor. Depending on the evaluation’s results, it may produce an action plan. This action plan recognizes areas that need to be improved on, provides a strategy by which to improve them and a date in which a reevaluation should take place. Concorde does not necessarily discuss findings in employee performance evaluations with the employees; therefore organizational expectations are not known. This causes confusion and ambiguity. Many organizations have begun to favor consultants when evaluating employee performance. This can assure independent and neutral employee performance feedback. There is research that supports consulting as a strategy for improving teachers implementation of classroom interventions. † Results have supported that internal consultants are able to assess and briefly increase teachers treatment integrity with performance feedback† (Sanetti, et. al, 2013). There is a call, however, for organizations to realize that being proactive instead of reactive is a more logical approach when it comes to employee performance. According to a 2012 Global Workforce Study,† a survey of 32,000 employees across 30 countries, calls for employers to focus on engagement. The report defines such engagement as the intensity of employees connection to their organization based on three factors: the extent of their discretionary effort committed to achieving work goals, an environment that supports productivity in multiple ways, and a work experience that promotes well-being† (TD, 2013). This of course will improve overall employee performance and benefits the organization as a whole. The â€Å"group think† theory suggests that people from similar areas of work and backgrounds have ideas that are familiar are accepted without examination, while those that are unfamiliar are rejected without open consideration (Martin, 2006). Groups affected by group think do not tolerate opinions that do not coincide with their own. A learning community can be especially susceptible to group think when its community members are similar in background, shielded from outside opinions, and when there are no clear rules for decision making. At Concorde, group thinking does not habitually exist. Concorde does consider the input of the community, holding biannual meetings in which area affiliates give their input on school progress, its students and offers suggestions for change. This organization seems to value the input and opinions of others. Community members can feel included when they participate in creating the future direction of their learning community. They will make better decisions when they respect social, environmental and economic needs. When a shared vision is used to devise goals that guide local leadership, the community is well on its way to creating a better, sustainable place for the community (Grunkemeyer and Moss, 2010). Shared visions are an important characteristic of any successful learning community. Concorde Orlando is no exception to this fact. This organization has a clear set of goals to accomplish, and department leaders do communicate these company visions with employees. There does not seem to be a comprehensible plan in place, however, as to how to achieve them. Often times, multiple meetings are held in order to impart the company vision community members. Because we live in a world that is constantly changing and moving, organizations are challenged with conditions that seem to change at the speed of light. Often times, initiatives are poorly planned and executed. These errors can cause crippling effects within an organization. More and more, organizations have come to depend on teamwork. According to Ofoegbu, O. , et. l (2012) â€Å"Teamwork may be an appropriate managerial approach to reducing politics by increasing employees understanding and control, particularly in organizations whose strategic objectives call for employees to work in teams. † Most modern organizations have realized the value and benefits of teamwork and Concorde Orlando is no exception. Most projects are completed by teams. Most issues are resolved through the input of various community members. Many community outreach activities are also organized and carried out by teams. With enrollments being the number one company goal, Concorde Orlando heavily relies on teamwork in order to achieve this. Unfortunately, inappropriate team leaders are often chosen, resulting in poorly executed plans. This can cause major project delays and â€Å"do-over’s†. Dennis J. Elrod (2012), states that â€Å"Great leaders are always learning, whether its from those above them in the hierarchy, their peers, or those they lead. They also dont let opportunities to improve pass them by, so it pays to always be on the lookout for things that may improve your leadership style. There are many different types of leaders and many different types of leadership styles. Leaders not only concern themselves with the organizational goals, but also about the people who are involved in the process. Autocratic and hierarchical models of leadership dominated many businesses and organizations for years. The workplace environment changes from generation to generation. Today, community members are no longer content to go to work in complete obscurity. Employees want to feel significant, stimulated and challenged. Being an effective leader builds a sense of belonging within its learning community. Effective leaders not only increase employee retention, but also improve employee efficiency. Employees are more willing to follow efficient leaders than non-effective individuals. Choosing the right leader is the difference between success and failure. A great team leader needs to understand the organization’s goals and be able to understand what drivers are needed in order to motivate the team members. It is the leader’s job to ensure that great ideas are smartly implemented. The team leader must be able to sell his vision, the organization’s goals and the rewards reaped from the fruits of their labor. He must be able determine which team member could execute what parts of the project, resolve conflicts, and encourage each team member’s creativity and input. Concorde Orlando has a long standing history of ineffective leadership and a very high turn-over rate. During the last year, there have been several personnel changes in the Campus President, Academic Dean and program director positions. This instability and low employee retention ratio in its leadership roles have compromised Concorde Orlando’s credibility with the student body, its employees and the community. Concorde Career Institute has not been a pioneer in the field of communication. Issues are slow to be resolved, meetings are full of redundant material and there is a general fear of communicating with administrators for fear of retaliation. Great communication starts with listening and observing, and this organization has not trained its leaders to do that. Training is requisite in order to learn how to effectively communicate with others in a work environment. Currently, there is no communication training available at Concorde. The same communication methods that have been in place for years are still practiced today. Reevaluation of these methods is needed in order to have more successful communication within its learning community. Internet access provides opportunities for classrooms throughout the world to communicate and collaborate in real time. In the same way, members of the learning community can experience these open new ways of thinking. â€Å"A compendium of organizations and businesses is dedicated to encouraging an emphasis on skills such as critical thinking, problem solving, computer and technology skills, communication, and self-direction skills in US schools and schools worldwide. The educational challenges of the 21st century open up possibilities that, until now, have been beyond imagination† (Roth, 2010). Concorde does utilize different methods of training its employees in order to maximize learning potential. What seems to have been most successful within this learning community is peer leadership. â€Å"Peer leadership contributes to the success of collaborative group learning† (Popejoy and Asala, 2013). Group learning allows all members to be actively involved. When community members are involved in learning processes with their peers, they are more likely to feel comfortable. Concorde Orlando supports and encourages all types of learning models, therefore increases the chance of successful outcomes. Concorde Career Institute-Orlando could be classified as being well on its way to developing a mature learning community. Though this learning community is fraught with quite a few weaknesses, it also has an impressive set of strengths. As long as someone has the initiative and fortitude to move this community forward, Concorde Orlando can prove to be a great success.

Effects of Down Syndrome on Overall Well-being

Effects of Down Syndrome on Overall Well-being Effect of Down Syndrome Researcher finds out the strength and weaknesses of children with Down syndrome and comparison with normal children. This study compared Down syndrome child and typically developing children on cognitive ability across five aspects of child development which are language, self-help, gross motor, socioemotional and fine motor. Researcher found that Down syndrome children they perform significantly worse in the language if compared to typically developing children. The primary finding in this study is language is the most difficulties for kids with Down syndrome due to abnormal cognitive development would negatively affect language learning and acquisition (Haikal, S. 2012). The findings for the four development aspects are self –help, gross motor, socioemotion and fine motor. The result shows that Down syndrome score lower than normal children. It shows positive finding in this study may due to the children with Down syndrome they receive early intervention in their early childhood. The findings were supported by previous researches, which noted that children with Down syndrome may get considerable progress if under the efficient and appropriate intervention and training, even achieve to the typically developing level, such as motor skill, socioemotional ability (Haikal, S. 2012). Although children with Down syndrome they developmentally delayed in many aspects, but they will perform better if they receive early intervention program (EI). A longitude and descriptive written report, which compared children with Down syndrome experienced with early intervention programs (EI) and without early intervention program confirmed the positive result of early intervention to children with Down syndrome (Haikal, S. 2012). The outcome indicated that kids with Down syndrome under the EI program have significantly higher scores on intellectual and adaptive functioning than those without early intervention. Down syndrome children they get well record and good impression from the community. They also did better on socioemotional assessment. Previous research shows that Down syndrome children usually experience more or less difficulties in self-care activities, such as grooming. There are some similar results found in this study that children with Down syndrome performed quite worse on self-help tasks, which may due to the younger age of this study sample. The performance of self-care activities were shown more related to the fine motor skills required. The self-help skill at school-aged children with Down syndrome found that over half of them (59.7%) needed no help with self-care tasks, which mean the self –care skill can improve with increased age (Haikal, S. 2012). On the other hand, Down syndrome people show poor on social interactions with others. People who face social skill deficits can contribute to isolation from friendships and peer interactions and can limit further opportunities to improve social skills. Social skill deficit is problematic because it will lead to negative experiences and avoidance of social interactions (Hajar, B. 2012). Some of the research show that improving children with Down syndrome’ social skills can offset the growth of more serious maladjustment. In the process of socialization, the kid will learn the right attitudes, skills, values, and behavior so that they will able to role play in the society. The answers demonstrated that social skills’ training is effective in the socialization improvement in Down syndrome children and this improvement was maintained over a 2-month follow-up period (Hajar, B. 2012). This study showed social skill training, increasing the ability positive relational behavior with the people with Down syndrome. The researcher also found that social skills training effective to better social behavior adjustment in adolescent. In the intervention group, it appears a model of social skills and appropriate ways to approach various situations of children with Down syndrome. These models will teach new behaviors to children and it also will correct an inappropriate behavior that the children have. Students with disability who acquire good social skills, and show more favorable in terms of social behavior, have more positive self-concept, and this leads to the understanding of their limitations and capabilities to better ways (Hajar, B. 2012) . Thus, it is necessary to consider social skills training to all students, especially students with mental retardation who have trouble in passing along with peers. Obviously, appropriate social skills training and providing opportunities and experiences will increase their social interactions, and causes the students to apply strategies and social skills in all environments and real life situations (Hajar, B. 2012). Developmental disabilities also identified with Down syndrome child. They are eligible to receive early intervention service. The benefit of early intervention is understanding the strengths, abilities and special needs of youngster, knowing the rights and talk on the child’s behalf. It also can assist the child to develop and learn, having a support system and be involved in the community (Aniza, I. 2013). Researchers also found that the mean of each domain in children who received early intervention is more eminent than those who received late intervention. This indicates that the family will have better family outcomes as a result of early intervention in many aspects. Family outcomes study by NEILS found that parents agreed their childrens participation in early intervention programs has enabled them to assist their children to grow and learn, give them the opportunity to work with the professional and speak on behalf of their children about their needs. According to a study by the National Early Intervention longitude Longitudinal Study (NEILS), mothers education level and family income also have a substantial relation to the family outcomes. Parents with higher education levels have a more positive result in the family outcomes. Poorly educated parents are usually found to have less knowledge compared to those who are well educated so they are not aware about the advantages related to exposure and the establishment of early intervention programs in their place (Aniza, I. 2013). Besides that, Cunningham found economic burden will affect family ties and increase family stress because raising children requires a lot of financial sacrifices especially for the families of children with special needs. Thus, the government has established training and service center for these families, namely Kompleks KASIH Keluarga who organized programs and services aimed to strengthen the family unit (Aniza, I. 2013). Through this, parents who have children with disabilities can gain more knowledge about their special children and how to handle their family through participation in programs and workshops. Down syndrome (DS) child will experience healthy problem, and have less access to health care than the general population. There are some article show the benefits of physical activity for children with down syndrome and some intervention programs for this population. Evidence proves the benefits of physical activity for the wellbeing of body, brain, and the decrease of risk of chronic disease. Various studies indicated that physical activity improved psychological well-being. In layman word is the way in which we deal, with stress and mental functioning, such as decision making, planning, and short-term memory, reduced anxiety, and promoted healthier sleep patterns. Besides that, there are more or less positive effects of regular physical activity are an improvement in cardiovascular and respiratory muscle function, a reduction in coronary artery disease risk factors such as elevated systolic, diastolic blood pressures and a diminished degree of overall mortality and morbidity. The benefits also may include enhanced feelings of wellbeing, and enhanced performance at workplace, refreshment, and sports activities (Lotan, M. 2007). Heller found that a group of adults with DS, who participated in a fitness and health education program for 12 weeks, in that respect are some changes of their attitudes towards practice, proved more positive expected outcomes and improved life satisfaction (Lotan, M. 2007). On the other hand, researchers have performed a jog/walk program for DS participants. The researcher can conclude that adults with DS were able to improve their aerobic capacity when performing a systematic and well-designed aerobic training program. This program demonstrated significant improvement in muscle strength and dynamic balance, supporting a positive outcome. Carmeli implemented a pain-free treadmill walking program for adults with DS and arterial occlusive disease. Some of the participants showed significant improvements in walking speed, distance, and duration. Pain levels were concentrated in people suffering from intermittent claudication. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out such programs throughout the lifetime span of individuals with DS (Lotan, M. 2007).